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One of the aims of the Transformations to Sustainability (T2S) programme is to build capacity for international research collaboration by supporting early-career scientists. As part of a series of posts from early-career researchers from different T2S projects, we spoke to Sanna Komi, University of Helsinki, Finland, and the CON-VIVA project.

Wolves are a heated topic in Finland. They regularly prey on hunting dogs, livestock and pets – and although it’s been more than a century since the last recorded attack on a human, living alongside these apex predators challenges the comfortable idea that humans are at the top of the natural world.

“If there was a hungry wolf and you were alone … you’re kind of equals there,” says Sanna Komi, a doctoral candidate at the University of Helsinki whose research focuses on how people in Finland relate to wolves.

Her research is part of the CON-VIVA project, which explores whether humans can fundamentally change how we think about apex predators and reshape our world to meld wild and human spaces. It’s based on the concept of convivial conservation, which rejects the traditional doctrine that the best way to preserve nature is through walled-off protected areas.

CON-VIVA includes three other teams: studying lions in Tanzania, jaguars in Brazil and bears in the U.S.

In Finland, wolves were previously hunted almost to extinction, but hunters have been banned from killing them freely since the country joined the EU in 1995. With the wolf population now at a century high, the government recently proposed a controversial cull.

Komi’s initial studies were in political ecology, focusing on extractive industries, but she was interested in looking at the wolf question from a larger scale – not just how to manage the population, but how people relate to these animals.

Over five months of fieldwork in winter 2019-2020, Komi did 83 wide-ranging interviews with people in North Karelia, a deeply forested area of Finland on the country’s eastern border with Russia.

Komi says she tried to let people take the lead in the conversations, some of which took place out in the woods.

“I’m from Helsinki, I’m from the capital … (I’m) the wolf researcher who doesn’t even eat meat. I was very aware of the different dynamics there. I really wanted to remain neutral, and also be very considerate of the people that I met with and interviewed and give them the space – I tried to balance that with being critical,” she says.

One of the key findings from her interviews, she says, is the gap between the researchers and government bodies charged with dealing with wolves, and the people who actually live alongside the animals.

“They don’t necessarily talk the same language, and they don’t talk with each other. They kind of shout at each other,” she says.

She says she was also struck in her interviews by how closely the way people talked about wolves mirrored what her CON-VIVA colleagues in Brazil found in their research on jaguars.

“It’s been super interesting, learning about the different cases in different countries and contexts,” she says.

“I’ve been really lucky to be doing my PhD in such an amazing project and group, and have the support of the group, because often a PhD can be a very solitary experience. Mine has been the opposite,” she says.

The immense trove of data she gathered will inform not only academic papers but also an album of music – Komi’s third recorded album as a solo artist.

“With music you can engage with emotions and things that you can’t necessarily write out, especially in academic texts, so it allows for a very different kind of performance or shape for this knowledge I’ve gathered in my research,” she says.


Find out more about the experiences of early-career researchers working on different T2S projects here.

One of the aims of the Transformations to Sustainability (T2S) programme is to build capacity for international research collaboration by supporting early-career scientists. As part of a series of posts from early-career researchers from different T2S projects, we spoke to Carlos Henrique Xavier Araujo of the University of São Paulo, Brazil, and Gold Matters project.

When researcher Carlos Henrique Xavier Araujo first started approaching gold miners in small Brazilian Amazon towns to ask for interviews, many were suspicious.

Although gold mining is the economic basis of many Amazon communities, it’s often informal or illegal – so it was critical to build trust before asking too many questions, Araujo says.

Araujo is a PhD candidate at the University of São Paulo and a researcher with the Gold Matters project, which focuses on artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in South America and Sub-Saharan Africa .

The project’s goal is to better understand the political, social and economic context around ASGM, and learn from miners and communities about how they relate to their natural environment in order to explore how the industry can become more sustainable.

Araujo’s current PhD work leans heavily on methodologies from social sciences, but he’s also trained as a mining engineer. “It’s important when you’re discussing artisanal and small-scale mining to understand the perceptions of the miners,” he says.

His extensive research as part of Gold Matters’ Brazil team involved months of fieldwork, travelling 1,200 km through two states and learning from miners, community members and officials from the local and federal governments. “The basic idea is to try to avoid a top-down approach,” he says.

Gold is not only a key part of the region’s culture and history – it’s a part of Araujo’s own family: “My father was a gold miner; my grandfather was a gold miner. It’s intrinsically in my life,” he says. “It’s my passion.”

The Gold Matters project includes mining and environmental engineers, biologists, sociologists, anthropologists and artists, gathering data in seven countries. They’re constantly in touch, sharing information and ideas within the diverse group, Araujo says.

“We have different backgrounds, different research, but (we’re) trying to do the same thing, to try to promote transformations to sustainability in ASGM,” he says. “I know we have a big challenge over the next decades to improve this sector.”

Find out more about the experiences of early-career researchers working on different T2S projects here.


Header image: Jorge Calvimontes.

One of the aims of the Transformations to Sustainability (T2S) programme is to build capacity for international research collaboration by supporting early-career scientists. As part of a series of posts from early-career researchers from different T2S projects, we spoke to Esther van de Camp, Leiden University, the Netherlands and the Gold Matters project.

Esther van de CampFor researcher Esther van de Camp, gold is a window into an entire universe of ideas.

“Environmental problems, issues of inequality and gender, but also fascinating things in geology and what’s underground – and the fact that gold doesn’t even originate on earth; it originates from supernovae explosions,” says Esther van de Camp, a PhD candidate at Leiden University and a researcher with the Gold Matters project.

“There’s so much to say and to learn about it,” she says. “You can go in so many directions.”

Gold Matters focuses on artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in South America  and Sub-Saharan Africa.

By looking at the political, social and economic context around ASGM and learning from miners and communities about their relationship with nature, the project aims to explore how the industry can become more sustainable.

The project includes teams gathering data in seven countries. In Uganda’s Busia region, van de Camp’s research took her into the gold fields, where between interviews, researchers picked up shovels and got into the mud and rock, learning first-hand from miners.

Her research calls for a more nuanced idea of sustainability that considers local context and looks at not only mining’s environmental impact, but also social justice and questions of inequality.

“What’s sustainable is very localized,” van de Camp says. “You could say that miners should just find different technologies to mine, but maybe there’s no money to do it, or the reality on the ground doesn’t allow it.”

People who are sometimes shut out of the formal job market may also find work in small-scale mining – in particular women, an important part of the workforce in van de Camp’s study area.

“Sustainability transformation includes structural transformation as well as societal transformation,” she says.

These complex questions require layered approaches. Drawing on her background in anthropology and industrial ecology, van de Camp employed a variety of methods: life-cycle assessments of mining projects, scenario planning to sketch out futures for gold miners as well as ethnographic and social research to dig into the context.

“I borrow methods from each of them, and I try to use that friction – because that’s our goal, to learn how we can deal with these different types of knowledge,” she says.

“For me, as an early career researcher to be part of this interdisciplinary research group Gold Matters, within this program Transformations to Sustainability, it’s such an opportunity to learn and to share and to collaborate,” she says. “What’s next? Keep collaborating. We need this transdisciplinary knowledge and contextualized knowledge.”


Find out more about the experiences of early-career researchers working on different T2S projects here.

One of the aims of the Transformations to Sustainability (T2S) programme is to build capacity for international research collaboration by supporting early-career scientists. For the first of a series of posts from early-career researchers from different T2S projects, we spoke to Wilhelm Andrew Kiwango of The University of Dodoma, Tanzania, and the CON-VIVA project.

Wilhelm KiwangoLions are a beloved symbol of Tanzania’s natural beauty, but they’re also feared predators – is it possible for us to find a way to live alongside them?

“People used to live with wildlife, from time immemorial,” says Wilhelm Andrew Kiwango, a lecturer at Dodoma University and post-doctoral researcher with the CON-VIVA project, which focuses on the relationship between people and apex predators.

The project explores convivial conservation, a framework for nature conservation that aims to blur the lines between wild spaces and human spaces, creating a world where the needs of both can be met.

“Convivial conservation is trying to propose moving beyond ‘spectacles of nature’ – where we just go and peek at nature – and coming to realize the realities of everyday environmentalism,” Kiwango says.

His research focuses primarily on the Ruaha-Rungwa ecosystem, a 50,000-square-kilometre protected area in southwestern Tanzania where lions, elephants, hyenas and people are uneasy neighbours.

The project also includes three other teams studying wolves in Finland, jaguars in Brazil and bears in the U.S.

Convivial conservation rejects the colonial-era idea that tightly controlled conservation areas are the only way to preserve nature.

That method encourages the expansion of protected areas, but also leads to increased militarization to control poaching and expropriation of land from local people, Kiwango says. It also creates an unsustainable relationship with nature where only some – mostly foreign tourists – can enter conservation areas.

“We would like to see conservation done on our own terms … Not just taking it the way we took the Yellowstone conservation model from America and implementing it wholeheartedly in our environments,” he says. “We want to decolonize that kind of thinking and make people aware of how we can do conservation in our own way.”

But implementing the model isn’t just about re-drawing lines on a map and changing where animals and people can go – it raises political, psychological and economic questions that demand an interdisciplinary approach.

Kiwango’s research took him to the Amboseli region of southern Kenya, where he interviewed Maasai people about how they share land with apex predators.

“They accept the costs,” he says. If one cow out of a few hundred is taken by a lion, that’s normal: “For them, they don’t take that as a conflict. It’s part and parcel of the life they live.”

But extensive ethnographic research done by CON-VIVA’s Tanzania team shows that philosophy isn’t shared everywhere in the region, he notes – which raises questions about structural factors to be considered when fitting the model to different contexts.

Drawing on broad expertise from the project’s international network of researchers – plus his own varied background in wildlife management and social sciences – has been critical to taking on those questions, Kiwango says.

“Some of my colleagues are critical social scientists; some of them are political ecologists,” he says. “That contributed to enriching the methodologies, but also the results and output that we’ve had so far. Interdisciplinarity is very critical and it has been very helpful in ensuring that we achieve our objectives.”


Find out more about the experiences of early-career researchers working on different T2S projects here.

One of the aims of the Transformations to Sustainability (T2S) programme is to build capacity for international research collaboration by supporting early-career scientists. For this long-read blog, journalist Riley Sparks interviewed early-career researchers from different T2S projects about the insights gained from carrying out transdisciplinary research as part of international project teams working in different settings worldwide.


Daiana Monteiro Tourne was trying to solve a mystery.

The ecologist and forest engineer wanted to understand what environmental factors help the endangered Brazil nut tree thrive, and what could threaten it. If scientists could understand those factors and build a map of suitable habitats for the tree, they could more effectively target their efforts to save it.

Tourne developed a complex model that allowed her to map Brazil nut habitats, feeding it a database of thousands of records of individual trees and tuning the model to take into account more than 100 environmental variables.

She’d answered part of the question – but the missing dimension was people, she says. To understand what threatened the trees and why, she needed to be on the ground, learning from communities and hearing what they know about their environment.

“I discovered that if I want to protect the forest, I need people. I need to understand how people manage and how people are involved with this natural resource,” Tourne says.

Now, as a doctor of applied ecology and researcher with the Transformations to Sustainability AGENTS project, Tourne brings that interdisciplinary approach to the project’s efforts to document innovative ways people in Brazil, Bolivia and Peru sustainably use the Amazon’s forests and waterways.

Around the world, researchers working with T2S are bringing local perspectives and context into sustainability conversations, combining multiple disciplines to examine problems through different lenses.

Tourne and the AGENTS team have documented local initiatives including farming co-ops, resource-sharing agreements and innovative agricultural techniques, as well as micro-industries like plant nurseries and medicinal oil production.

Using data gathered through fieldwork and geospatial analysis, AGENTS aims to inform policy by sharing community-based solutions that are already in use around the region.

“We’ve discovered a lot of strategies which people are doing with such few resources,” Tourne says. When it comes to research and policy, people in the region are often invisible, she says – but they’re the key to understanding how to support and amplify sustainability initiatives.

“I know this is important for science, combining both approaches – technologies as well as people’s opinions, traditions, history,” Tourne says.

In Busia, Uganda, researcher Esther van de Camp used her background in industrial ecology and anthropology to understand the complex dynamics at play in artisanal and small-scale gold mining.

Van de Camp, a PhD candidate at Leiden University who also trained as an industrial ecologist and anthropologist, contributed to the international Gold Matters project. The T2S project brings together a wide range of specialists including ecologists, artists, engineers and more, working in seven countries to explore how small-scale mining can become more sustainable.

Through fieldwork and conversations with miners, van de Camp’s research emphasized how local social, economic and environmental factors affect the choices miners make in terms of the tools and techniques they use, and therefore environmental impact.

Projects that aim to improve that impact and make sustainable changes need to consider broader social justice questions, not just the environment in isolation – it’s all connected: “Sustainability transformation includes structural transformation as well as societal transformation,” she says.

For Wilhelm Andrew Kiwango, part of that transformation includes looking at how colonial structures influence how we think about conservation, which is the focus of his sustainability research in Tanzania.

Kiwango’s work in southwestern Tanzania’s Ruaha-Rungwa ecosystem is part of the CON-VIVA project, which brings together teams studying the relationship between humans and apex predators on four continents: lions in Tanzania, wolves in Finland, jaguars in Brazil and bears in the U.S.

A post-doctoral researcher with a background in wildlife conservation and environmental governance, Kiwango is interested in looking at how people interact with animals.

“By training, I’m a wildlife manager and conservationist. That’s my passion. By putting social sciences into it, I came to realize the human dimension of conservation, and how that has been kind of neglected by conservation theory,” he says.

His research as part of the CON-VIVA project examines whether the colonial practice of “fortress conservation” – where wildlife is preserved through tightly controlled protected areas – is an effective method, and if it can be replaced with a new framework inspired by convivial conservation, which doesn’t separate the world so cleanly into human and wild spaces.

“People used to live with wildlife, from time immemorial, and there were no problems. These problems started when we started separating people from wildlife and saying, ‘This is for special people,’” Kiwango says. “We would like to see conservation done on our own terms, and in our own ways,” he says. Understanding how to rework the conservation model to fit the local context requires many different lenses, he says.

Doing fieldwork in the Amboseli region of southern Kenya, Kiwango heard from Maasai people about how they coexist with apex predators like lions and hyenas – even though some of their livestock are taken by predators every year.

“To them, that’s not an issue, because that’s how they’ve learned to live,” he says. But in his focus area in Tanzania, his research details a wide variety of communities with different practices and ways of living with predators, which raises a variety of questions about how a new conservation framework could be implemented.

The research also raises questions about governance: in Kiwango’s focus area in Tanzania, for example, the region has several different conservation strategies and different governance arrangements, rooted in an approach imposed by European powers.

The area includes a national park, as well as a game reserve that dates back to the German and British colonial governments. “In the national park, no shooting of an animal is allowed – but because there are no fences, when it goes to a game reserve, it can be hunted,” Kiwango explains.

“Implementing something like a convivial conservation approach in this area requires quite a lot of reconfiguration,” he says.

Kiwango says the current conservation model creates a walled garden guarded by heavy security that separates local people from the land, while leaving some areas open for wealthy tourists – mostly foreigners – to hunt.

It has led to an increase in protected areas, he says – “But we find it has also led to intensified militarization, what we call green militarization, where states will sponsor a war on poaching in order to defend charismatic species such as lions,” Kiwango says.

“The government depends very much on conservation and tourism for it to be able to do other projects, and therefore the government will do whatever possible to make sure conservation is done, especially in the mainstream conservation way that is separating people from nature,” he says.

Unraveling those questions requires looking at the issue from many angles. “Some of my colleagues are critical social scientists; some of them are political ecologists,” Kiwango says. “That contributed to enriching the methodologies, but also the results and output that we’ve had so far. Interdisciplinarity is very critical and it has been very helpful in ensuring that we achieve our objectives.”

In Bangladesh and India, researchers with the TAPESTRY project wanted to understand how people in low-lying areas were responding to the imminent threat of climate change.

With the project focused on community-based initiatives, researchers decided to let communities guide the research priorities as well.

Every researcher brings their own lens to a project, says Shibaji Bose, a visual methods researcher with the TAPESTRY project. “I’ve got my own environment in which I’ve grown up, my thought process, the university I went to – am I a Northern Hemisphere researcher or a Southern Hemisphere researcher? – and so on,” he explains.

Researchers decided to put that aside and ask people in the focus communities to show them what they felt was important. “We want to know their worldview, their perception and their way of looking at things. It’s not important whether it’s right or wrong. There’s no right or wrong; it’s their lens,” Bose says.

The project built an enormous library of data through visual methods including the Photovoice method, where research participants use cameras to document moments in their lives, as well as photo diaries, paintings, work with archival images and more traditional social science methods.

“We set up this democratic space, where plurality of knowledge is something that we’re trying to do. So having different streams – the scientific knowledge, the indigenous knowledge – can come together and talk to each other,” Bose says.

He says he hopes the lessons learned from TAPESTRY and the T2S projects can inspire similar research: “If this plurality, and the plurality of lenses, using different lenses to look from different vantage points at the problem and the complexity – if that can actually be mainstreamed and more projects will be trying to use it, that in itself would be a huge achievement for T2S.”


This blog was developed during the final meeting of the Transformations to Sustainability programme, which took place in Paris, France, from 15 – 17 November 2022. It will be followed by a series of detailed perspectives from many of the early-career researchers attending the meeting – keep an eye on this site for more content coming soon.

The Koli community depend on fishing, but fish stocks off Mumbai’s coast have been declining. Akella Srinivas Ramalingaswami/Shutterstock.

By Lyla Mehta, Institute of Development Studies; D Parthasarathy, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay; and Shibaji Bose, National Institute of Technology Durgapur.

Coastal cities and settlements are at the forefront of climate disruption. Rising sea levels, warmer seas and changes in rainfall patterns are together creating conditions that mean misery for coastal dwellers.

Disasters triggered by extreme weather often make headlines, but many problems linked to the climate are harder to see. These include the effects of warmer sea temperatures on marine ecosystems, the encroachment of seawater into once-fertile land, and coastal erosion.

Climate risks vary for coastal cities around the world. But according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, people living in coastal settlements with high social inequality are particularly at risk. This includes cities with a high proportion of informal settlements and those built near river deltas.

The Koli people are one such community. As the original inhabitants of Mumbai, they are spread across a number of historic fishing villages on the city’s coast. But they have steadily been marginalised. Mumbai’s official development plan ignores the role of the Koli, and the ecosystems they depend on, in reducing the climate risks facing the city.

This has forced the community to take risk mitigation into their own hands. Through our work with the Koli community, we have seen how their response to human threats has the potential to create a city more resilient to environmental change.

Mumbai’s environmental problem

In Mumbai, enormous wealth co-exists with poverty. Largely built on reclaimed land, the city has undergone rapid development.

Poor waste management, property development and increasingly frequent extreme weather have reduced mangrove cover and polluted the city’s coastal waters. Mangroves are important breeding grounds for a diverse range of aquatic species. Many of these species, such as the Bombay Duck and Pomfret, are vital sources of income for Koli fishers and are key to mangrove biodiversity.

4 rows of bombay duck, a local fish, hanging to dry in front of a calm sea.
Bombay duck, a vital source of income for the Koli community, drying on a beach. Akella Srinivas Ramalingaswami/Shutterstock.

But fish stocks are disappearing fast. Environmental degradation combined with intensive trawling has led to declining catches for traditional fishers. This has affected livelihoods, with Koli women feeling the impact particularly strongly due to their prominent role in processing and selling fish.

Studies have also shown that mangrove forests protect coastal areas from storm surges and coastal erosion. Reduced mangrove cover means extreme weather events now inflict severe damage to fishing infrastructure. Cyclone Tauktae in 2021 inflicted losses of 10 billion rupees (£109,000) to coastal fishers – damage to fishing boats alone was worth 250,000 rupees (£2,700).

Taking the initiative

Following Cyclone Tauktae, the Koli produced reports documenting the changing frequency and intensity of cyclones affecting the region. These reports, supplemented by media coverage, have raised awareness of the community’s vulnerability towards climate change.

This has allowed the Koli to collaborate with various groups to reduce their vulnerability. We have been working with the Koli community through our own research project, Tapestry. Our research has involved creating photographs and maps with the community to build a more comprehensive understanding of the consequences of climate change and environmental degradation for the region. This has highlighted the importance of mangroves for marine biodiversity and flooding protection.

An aerial shot of a mangrove forest in the foreground of a large sprawling city.
Mumbai’s mangrove forests are crucial for marine biodiversity and flood prevention. Viren Desai/Shutterstock.

The efforts of the Conservation Action Trust, a Mumbai-based non-profit organisation that aims to protect forests and wildlife, have also been key in protecting mangroves. They found that mangroves were being cleared to make way for golf courses, residential buildings, rubbish dumps and transport infrastructure. They were instrumental in the development of the Mangrove Cell, a government agency that monitors efforts to conserve and enhance mangrove cover in India’s western Maharashtra state.

Addressing water pollution also emerged as a priority through discussions with the Koli community. Our project partner Bombay61 has since implemented measures to improve water quality. Over three days, a pilot trial of net filters collected around 500kg of waste from a single creek. This initiative also challenges the perception of creeks as “drains” or “sewers”.

A cluster of plastic bottles and litter floating in brown water.
The coastal waters the Koli depend on are heavily polluted. TK Kurikawa/Shutterstock.

Engagement between the Koli community, environmental organisations, government officials and local public events and exhibitions has allowed more equitable solutions to human threats to be explored. These highlight the importance of local communities to resource governance and urban planning, and could help dissuade the government from destructive future development plans.

The lessons from the Koli experience extend beyond just Mumbai. While each coast and city will face different threats, the seeds of responses can be found in the people who know and understand the environments in which they live. Working with grassroots methods and groups can reveal how action can respond to local needs and address more than just physical climate risks.

If local strategies can be scaled up, they could transform urban planning and climate change mitigation. These strategies must address the need to adapt to climate change and minimise human disturbance. Paying attention to local people’s struggles and harnessing their ideas can be an essential part of creating cities that are more resilient to future threats.The Conversation


This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.




For over two decades, Environment Support Group (ESG) has focussed on the emerging urban environmental and socio-economic challenges and has been working with multiple communities, government agencies, academia, media, etc. The approach has always been about finding viable and inclusive solutions to vexatious problems advocating deeply democratic processes that draw on intersectoral, interdisciplinary, intersectional experiences, knowledge and histories.

In ESG Imaginaries to Make Cities Work, a series of four webinars, participants drawn from diverse disciplines and sectors reflect on the sort of issues and concerns that have become systemic to urban governance and living, reflect on the initiatives of ESG in addressing them, and articulate ideas and imaginaries in constructing better futures, and of consequences if we were to not make such efforts.

This webinar involved two presentations: one contextualising the experience of the transformation of Subramanyapura in South Bangalore and ongoing efforts to accommodate complexities of providing housing for the urban poor while also protecting the water commons, presented by ESG, on the one hand, and on the other, experiences of inclusive urbanisms in praxis across Connecticut and in Northern Rhode Island, USA presented by Kathleen Dorgan, Architect and Urban Planner and practitioner of sustainable community participation. The presentations were followed by responses from each of our discussants and conversations followed based on a Q&A.

Read the report of this webinar here.




For over two decades, Environment Support Group (ESG) has focussed on the emerging urban environmental and socio-economic challenges and has been working with multiple communities, government agencies, academia, media, etc. The approach has always been about finding viable and inclusive solutions to vexatious problems advocating deeply democratic processes that draw on  intersectoral, interdisciplinary, intersectional experiences, knowledge and histories.

In ESG Imaginaries to Make Cities Work, a series of four webinars, participants drawn from diverse disciplines and sectors reflect on the sort of issues and concerns that have become systemic to urban governance and living, reflect on the initiatives of ESG in addressing them, and articulate ideas and imaginaries in constructing better futures, and of consequences if we were to not make such efforts.

Read the report of this webinar here.




For over two decades, Environment Support Group (ESG) has focussed on the emerging urban environmental and socio-economic challenges and has been working with multiple communities, government agencies, academia, media, etc. The approach has always been about finding viable and inclusive solutions to vexatious problems advocating deeply democratic processes that draw on  intersectoral, interdisciplinary, intersectional experiences, knowledge and histories.

In ESG Imaginaries to Make Cities Work, a series of four webinars, participants drawn from diverse disciplines and sectors reflect on the sort of issues and concerns that have become systemic to urban governance and living, reflect on the initiatives of ESG in addressing them, and articulate ideas and imaginaries in constructing better futures, and of consequences if we were to not make such efforts.

Read the report of this webinar here.




For over two decades, Environment Support Group (ESG) has focussed on the emerging urban environmental and socio-economic challenges and has been working with multiple communities, government agencies, academia, media, etc. The approach has always been about finding viable and inclusive solutions to vexatious problems advocating deeply democratic processes that draw on  intersectoral, interdisciplinary, intersectional experiences, knowledge and histories.

In ESG Imaginaries to Make Cities Work, a series of four webinars, participants drawn from diverse disciplines and sectors reflect on the sort of issues and concerns that have become systemic to urban governance and living, reflect on the initiatives of ESG in addressing them, and articulate ideas and imaginaries in constructing better futures, and of consequences if we were to not make such efforts.

Read the report of this webinar here.

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  • T2S Coordination Office

    Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
    Email: T2S@nwo.nl
    Postal address: PO Box 93461
    NL-2509 AL The Hague
    The Netherlands

  • Visiting address

    Laan van Nieuw Oost-Indië 300
    NL-2593 CE  The Hague
    The Netherlands

  • Grant Agreement

    This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730211.
  • Links

    • www.belmontforum.org
    • www.norface.net